Rate Limit in Cisco Router (include explanation)

     This week, i've been really busy with my own backhaul. It because i had to  simpelize my network and routing policy. It sounds easy, but it is a bit difficult to organize my network. Once you make changes, it will spread massive affect to the whole network. So, i need to make my step really carefully and it have to like "one shoot one goal" or you can call it an efective way.

     The former network engineer, didn't leave me with even single one data. So, I have to analyze it first before i make any changes. Once upon a time, i had to change the bandwidth capacity for my internal user, which is my own office. Cause the network being deploy, and the bandwidth capacity was not enough to handle the network, it makes the internet slower. So, i decided to increase the bandwidth capacity. Since i use the cisco router, i prefer to use the rate-limit.

So, i have to increase my office bandwidth capacity 7,5 Mbps for download and upload. Here are the command line :

First you have to make access-list to catch the ip address,

access-list 8 permit ip any 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.255


Inbound

Router(config-subif)#rate-limit input access-group 8 ?
<8000-2000000000>  Bits per second
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Router(config-subif)#rate-limit input access-group 8 7500000 ?
<1000-512000000>  Normal burst bytes

normal burst = configured rate * (1 byte)/(8 bits) * 1.5 seconds 
normal burst = 7500000 * (1 byte)/(8 bits ) * 1,5 = 1406250 bytes
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Router(config-subif)#rate-limit input access-group 8 7500000 1406250 ?
<2000-1024000000>  Maximum burst bytes 

extended burst = 2 * normal burst 
extended burst = 2 * 1406250 = 2812500 bytes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Router(config-subif)#rate-limit input access-group 8 7500000 1406250 2812500 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop


Outbound

Router(config-subif)#rate-limit output access-group 8 7500000 1406250 2812500 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop


What is burst ?

"Any relatively high-bandwidth transmission over a short period. For example, a download might use 2 Mbit/s on average, while having "peaks" bursting up to, say, 2.4 Mbit/s". 




- Wikipedia.org -
- iwing.wordpress.com -

Training CCNP yang Sangat Biasa

     “Lepaskan Mas Radit lepaskan”, begitulah kutipan stand up comedy dari Dodit Mulyanto yang sedang saya tonton via streaming youtube ketika sms dari nomor tak dikenal masuk ke smartphone saya. Semula saya sangat antusias membuka sms yang baru masuk, karena saya berharap itu sms dari 3355 (baca : gajian). Tapi setelah saya buka, isi sms adalah :

[Undangan] Training CCNP

Senin, 21 April 2014 Pukul 09.00 – 17.00

Lokasi IDN, Jl Anggrek Cendrawasih II Blok J No 14A

Slipi, Jakarta Barat

Nb: Harap membawa laptop

Deny_IDN

Sekilas saya baca sms tadi, saya merasa tegang karena pada awal ada tulisan “Undangan”. Untunglah bukan undangan pernikahan mantan, pikir saya. *sedikit curcol*

Jim Morrison, Mas Hazman & Pak Anshori

     Memang beberapa minggu yang lalu saya ditawari oleh perusahaan dimana saya bekerja untuk diikutkan training CCNP. “CCNP itu apa Mas Alfa?”, tanya Asep - office boy kantor yang kadang juga jadi fotografer dadakan saya. “CCNP iku anu sep, yo anu lah”, jawab saya. Seolah sedang mencari padanan kata yang tepat sembari mengulur waktu bak Jose Mourinho, ya Jose Mourinho memang pandai mengulur waktu ketika timnya sedang di atas angin.

     Setelah menemukan padanan kata yang tepat (thanks to Mbah Google), saya mulai menjelaskan kepada Asep. “Cisco Certified Network Professional, iku lho Sep”, jelas saya ke Asep. “Oh yang router-router cisco itu ya Mas?”, tanya asep. “Nah cerdas, mana kopine Sep?”, lanjut saya. “Iki Bosfren, sesuai pesanan capuccino panas. Semoga otaknya tambah encer ya mas setelah minum kupie ini, hehe”, canda Asep.

     Singkat cerita hari training pun tiba. “Jikalau training ini merupakan tugas dari kantor, saya haqul yakin akan dihitung sebagai jihad. Wallahua’lam bi showaf”, niat saya dalam hati. Khusyuk banget ya? Iya kaya mau training ke Bekasi (Hehe salah fokus). Trainingnya memang bukan di Bekasi, tapi daerah Slipi itu sama macetnya. Maklum saya ngantor di Cibubur, kost di belakang kantor. Bangun jam 7 pagi pun saya masih gak telat berangkat kantor padahal jalan kaki, selo tenan.

     Setelah berjuang naik bus dari Cibubur, sampailah saya di Slipi. Lanjut naik Ojek untuk cari lokasi ID-Networker, dan sampailah saya di tempat training yang dimaksud. Awalnya saya ragu-ragu untuk masuk ke salah satu rumah dan tidak menyangka tempat trainingnya hanya sebuah, Ya rumah. Saya pikir tempat trainingnya akan di gedung besar atau sebagainya. Tapi saya memberanikan diri untuk masuk karena ada banner bertuliskan ID-NETWORKER di teras rumah tersebut. Rumahnya tidak terlalu besar pun tak kecil, bisa dikatakan sedang.

     Ketika saya datang, rumah masih sepi. Terlihat hanya ada mbak-mbak yang sedang membersihkan rumah. Saya ketuk pintu dan dipersilakan masuk. Saya diarahkan ke ruangan tempat training akan dilangsungkan. Beberapa menit saya duduk, seseorang kemudian datang. Memperkenalkan diri dengan nama Anshori, kami pun berjabat tangan lalu saya juga memperkenalkan diri. “Alfa Putra”, timpal saya.

     Namanya Pak Anshori, beliau adalah trainer CCNP yang selama seminggu akan menjadi mentor kami. Kami? Iya kami, ada satu lagi yang belum datang. Pak Anshori berasal dari Madura, kalau tidak salah juga bukan Madura bagian kota. Saya berujar dalam hati, “Alhamdulillah ternyata bukan saya seorang diri, orang dari ndeso yang bisa mempelajari cisco”. Tak pernah terbersit pun dalam cita-cita saya dahulu waktu kecil, seorang anak yang lahir dan besar di kaki Gunung Sindoro-Sumbing bisa mempelajari cisco.

     Selang beberapa saat seorang lagi datang, laki-laki berperawakan kurus tinggi masuk ke ruangan dengan ngos-ngosan. “Maaf Pak telat, macet naik bus”. Namanya Mas Hazman, kerja di Sisindokom bagian enterprise. Ya namanya juga Jakarta, hari senin jalanan Jakarta memang menjadi biadab sekali dan tak berbudaya. Kata-kata tersebut saya kutip dari Florence Sihombing yang sempat sangat terkenal itu.

     Awalnya Pak Anshori membagikan kami buku panduan CCNP yang hampir setebal buku Harry Potter dan buku catatan untuk sarana corat coret. Beliau menjelaskan tentang apa saja yang akan kami pelajari selama seminggu ke depan. Berikut resume sylabusnya :

Day 1
- Advanced RIP
- Advanced EIGRP
Day 2
- Advanced OSPF
- Route Redistribution
Day 3
- BGP
- Route Redundancy
Day 4
- Advance Switch
Day 5
- Full Lab MPLS
- VRF
Day 6
- Tshoot
- VPN

Lengkapnya bisa dilihat di sini : Training CCNP+Full Lab MPLS

     Setelah hari pertama selesai, saya agak sedikit kebingungan. Saya menanyakan apakah ada penginapan dengan harga miring di sekitar IDN. Pak Anshori malah menyuruh saya untuk menginap di IDN kalau tidak keberatan. Tentu dengan senang hati saya terima. “Wong lumayan dapat tempat nginep gratis”, batin saya.

     Pada malam hari, di IDN ternyata makin banyak orang yang datang. Kebanyakan dari mereka ialah orang-orang hebat, yang telah lulus berbagai macam sertifikasi entah itu cisco, mikrotik ataupun Juniper. Kita tak perlu segan untuk bertanya kepada mereka, karena mereka juga dengan senang hati mengajarkan kepada kita berbagai hal yang berkaitan dengan hal yang kita sedang pelajari.

     Ternyata sekumpulan anak muda yang malam hari sering nangkring di IDN ialah peserta Pesantren Networkers, yaitu program bagi anak-anak lulusan setara SMA/SMK yang telah diseleksi dan dianggap mampu untuk belajar jaringan di IDN. Pesantren Networker tidak dipungut biaya sepeserpun. Pernah dengar kutipan Bung Karno? “Beri aku sepuluh pemuda, niscaya akan ku goncangkan dunia”. Pak Dedy selaku owner paham betul kutipan tersebut dan benar-benar menerapkannya dengan mengumpulkan beberapa pemuda. Alih-alih membuat boyband, Pak Dedy justru mengajari mereka berbagai ilmu jaringan. Sungguh dalam bahasa gaulnya sangat “totally awesome”.

     Setiap malam saya tidur di IDN selama seminggu (maaf kalau kopi jadi sering habis), dan memang atmosfir di IDN memang sangat cozy sekali untuk belajar. Lebih istimewanya lagi adalah adanya mesin kopi otomatis, bahkan di kantor tempat saya bekerja pun tidak ada mesin kopi yang sedemikian canggih.

     Pada akhirnya ilmu yang saya serap dari training CCNP+Full Lab MPLS di IDN memang sangat tepat guna. Selama satu minggu berada di IDN, semangat belajar saya seperti habis dicas. Yang lebih kerennya lagi ialah, saya semakin antusias untuk segera mengimplementasikan ilmu yang saya dapat ke pekerjaan di kantor tempat saya bekerja.

Viva La ID-Networkers!

How to Activate The Technology Package Data License Feature in Cisco Router

     Hello mate, this time i wanna conduct how to configure or put the data license into cisco router. For your information, i use cisco router 3900 series. The story came when my company buy any cisco router series, without any data license inside. Why do i need data license in my cisco router? Because i have to implement some encapsulation called mpls ip command into my logical interfaces.

     I heard from my friend on the procurement department, the data license is quite bit expensive. It takes Rp 12.000.000 from our fund. So, i warn you to be careful on how to inject this data license in this cisco router series. Hahaha

First , you have to prepare :

1. Straight cable
2. Cisco console cable
3. Product Authorization Key/PAK which you will get it after you purchase
4. Cisco router's PID & Serial number ("show version" on command line)
5. 3CDaemon (TFTP server software)

After you prepared of what i mention above, let's do this:

1. Make sure that your router do'not have any data license inside. You could check it by "show version" in command line on your router

2. Register your PAK in this site https://tools.cisco.com/SWIFT/LicensingUI/Quickstart
    Then you have to fill the form with your router's PID, serial number and the PAK.
    Klik submit

3. After that, you have to fill the form with your email. At this stage you have to double check your email which you fiil in the form, over and over again. Because the email is use to send the feature file to activate the license that you already purchase. There are 2 option, dowlnoad directly after the download button appear or go check your email and download the license. Mostly the license will have a name like this (FOC67953TLR_201410164282292543.lic)

4. Connect your laptop to one of interface on your router, then set up the ip addres in one segmen. Ping each other device, make sure that it's already connected.

5. Launch the the 3CDaemon, klik configure and select the folder location where you put your data license down.

6. Place the license (You already download it before) in upload/download directory

7. Start tftp server on your router by typing
    Router#copy tftp:your_file_name.lic flash:

Also take a look on your 3CDaemon, when it goes well. It will show you some kind of process.

8. Still in your router, then type this following command line :
    Router#license install flash:your_license_file.lic
    wait a second ...

9. At this point of time, the license is installed in the system, But it is no enabled. To enable the technology package license, reload the system if the technology package is not yet enabled.

So, i guess it's already done. Now you can put the "mpls ip" command in your router interfaces. See you in the next tutorial. It's my pleasure to sharing.

Configuring ASMI 54L (SHDSL Back to Back Modem, Using 2 Wire)

To configure ASMI 54L SHDSL ports, there are only 2 steps that u should do :

1. Select Main Menu>Configuration>Physical Layer>SHDSL>Line

2. Set one device to STU = central and leave the  other as STU = remote

                            

Connection Data

For the wire, you could use whether it ethernet connector, shdsl connector or E1 connector.

A. Ethernet Connector

    The 10/100Base Ethernet electrical interface is an 8-pin RJ-45 connector, wired accordance with this below :

Pin                                  Function

1                                      Rx+

2                                      Rx-

3                                      Tx+

4                                      not used

5                                      not used

6                                      Tx-

7                                      not used

8                                      not used

Tx+/Tx- and Rx+/Rx- may be automatically crossed if MDI-X is enabled.

B. SHDSL Connector

     The SHDSL electrical interface is an 8-pin RJ-45 connector, wired in accordance with this below :

Pin                                 Function

1                                     NC

2                                     NC

3                                     Loop 2

4                                     Loop 1

5                                     Loop 1

6                                     Loop 2

7                                     NC

8                                     NC

Note : Do not connect wires to the NC pins

           Loop 1 refers to line 1 and Loop 2 refers to line 2

Note : For 2W option, only Loop 1 pins are in use

C. E1 Interface Connector

     The balanced E1 interface terminates in RJ-45 connector. Table below lists the balanced connector pin assignment.

Pin                                   Function

1,2                                    Transmit (output)

4,5                                    Receive (input)

7                                       CPU ID for unbalanced interface detection

8                                       Earth GND

Note : It is recommended to use 4-wire cables (pin number 1,2,4 & 5) only for E1 connections. If 8-wire cable is used, verify that pin is not connected on the equipment side.

For unbalanced E1, use the adaptor cable CBL-RJ45/2 BNC/E1.

D. Control Connector

     The control terminal interfaces terminate in a V.24/RS-232 9-pin- D-Type female DCE connector . This table below lists the control conncetor pin assignments.

Pin               Function              Direction

2                  Rxd (RD)             OUT

3                  Txd (TD)              IN

5                  Ground                 GND

Study Case

I have some trouble with my existing back to back modem. Its only could provide 2 Mbps data rate. So, i decided to change the modem with asmi 54L. Here are my existing configuration :

In my lab, i use laptop to replace that router. Then boom the traffic with tfgen.exe and use DU Meter to monitor the bandwidth. Here are my result, it proves tha asmi 54L could use up to 4 Mbps using 2Wire option.

Reference : ASMI 54L Manual Book

EIGRP - Redistribution - RIP - OSPF

Hi guys, now we are still runing on EIGRP, but what if we have to adapt in different routing Protocol? it's called redistribution. This is the way we have to do, to connecting one routing protocol into different one.

Redistribute Rip into EIGRP
As usual, Configure R1, R2 and R3 as EIGRP. On R1 add ip loopback which will be advertise as RIP, then redistributed it into EIGRP. Check this configuration below :

• R1(Config)#int lo100
• R1(Config-if)#ip address 100.100.100.100 255.255.255.255

Advertise to RIP

• R1(Config)#router rip
• R1(Config-router)#version 2
• R1(Config-router)#no auto-summary
• R1(Config-router)#network 100.100.100.0

Resitribute to EIGRP

• R1(Config)#router eigrp 1
• R1(Config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1 1 1 1 1

What does metric means? Metric value on eigrp is :

• Bandwidth metric in Kbits per second
• EIGRP delay metric, in 10 microsecond units
• EIGRP reliability metric where 255 is 100% reliable
• EIGRP effective bandwidth metric (Loading) where 255 loaded
• EIGRP MTU of the path

Ignore that value, use this value : 

• R1(Config-router)#redistribute rip metric 1 1 1 1 1

In this case, metric value is different with the actual condition. But its function and how this routing works, is not different, cause we are riding from external route. The most important is metric must be filled up, now matter how much the value is, there is no effect.

As shown on R3, there is EX behind network 100.100.100.100. EX means that network 100.100.100.100 comes from external / different routing protocol.

Redistribute OSPF to EIGRP

On R1 add ip loopback which will be advertise as OSPF, then redistributed it into EIGRP. Check this configuration below :

• R1(Config)#int lo101
• R1(Config-if)#ip address 101.101.101.101 255.255.255.255

Advertise to OSPF

• R1(Config)#router OSPF 1
• R1(Config-router)#network 101.101.101.101 0.0.0.0 area 0

Resitribute to EIGRP

• R1(Config)#router eigrp 1
• R1(Config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 1 1 1 1 1

EIGRP - Authentication - Summarization - Unicast Update - Default Route Summary Address

EIGRP - Authentication
In EIGRP, there is only MD5 Authenication, no clear text authentication. So, here are the configuration :

EIGRP - Summarization

Summarization makes several route become only one summary. We have to advertise some ip loopback in R3 then summarized it. As it shown in R1, its already summarized as 10.0.0.0/29.

Add configuration below, in interface fa0/0 R3, but you must calculate its advertise prefix :

• R3(config-id)#ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.248

EIGRP - Unicast Update

By default EIGRP use its multicast 224.0.0.10 to update their routing table. This time we will change to unicast update.

Change to unicast (R1-R2)

• R1(config-router)#neighbour 12.12.12.2 s0/0

Change to unicast (R2-R1)

• R2(config-router)#neighbour 12.12.12.1 s0/0

You could check its update by activate "debug ip packet detail" on each router. Make sure its update already change from 224.0.0.10 to its neighbour.

• R1(config)#debug ip packet detail

EIGRP - Default Route - Summary Address

Default route can be configure and redistributed through EIGRP, so each router no need to configure default route one by one.

Configure text below into interface s0/0 (Configure into interface which define as Router core):

• R1(config-router)#int s0/0
• R1(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

EIGRP - Basic Configuration & Filtering

Try to make configuration below :

As shown, the routing table will be :

EIGRP - Distribute List
Now, What if the ip loopback R2, don't have to be appear in routing table R1? then we could make filtering route using distribute-list :

Now, seems that Ip loopback R2 isn't included in R1 routing table.

is there any other option to deny IP address in Eigrp ? Check this one :

Filtering - Prefix List

Filtering prefix list being used, if we decided to make a filtering based on its netmask. For example on R3 where prefix /24-/28 will be blocked.

You have to make several ip loopbacks in R3, ip loopback in R3 is used as client network.

It shown on R1 that routing table with /24-/28 prefix is not included in routing table.

Eigrp - Filtering ACL

Configure ip loopback in R1 the advertised into eigrp and then make filtering as odd/even numbers.

In R3, make access-list & distribute list which define odd/even numbers as shown below :

• R3(config)#access-list 1 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.254 ----------------> it is which define even
• R3(config)#access-list 1 permit 0.0.0.1 255.255.255.254 ----------------> it is which define odd

Intergate that access-list on router eigrp1 on R3.

• R3(config-router)#distribute-list 1 in fa0/0

As shown in R3, routing table only receive network 10.10.10.0 with even prefix.

EIGRP - Filtering AD
Configure with bigger AD, for example 255

• R3(config)#access-list 2 permit 1.1.1.1
• R3(config)#router eigrp 1
• R3(config-router)#distance 255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 2 ---> access-list 2

The command "distance 255", manipulate its distance to be 255, as we know AD for eigrp is basicly 90.

Knowing EIGRP Routing Protocol on Cisco Router

     This time i will make a review about eigrp routing protocol, especially on cisco router.
First, you have to know this :

Introducing Eigrp

1. Eigrp is routing distance vector which means eigrp relying ont the diffused update algorithm to calculate the shortest path to a destination within network.The multicast address 224.0.0.10 usually broadcasting routing information to its neighbour. Its sends broadcast which have information about distance and direction. The direction define by metric while direction is its next-hop.
2. Fast Convergence, so this routing protocol is faster to gather information from all router in its topology.
3. Support VLSM means clasless
4. Manual Summarization, eigrp allows you to summarize internal and external routes on virtually any bit boundary using manual summarization.
5. Load balancing on equal & unequal cost which means eigrp can establish multiple link and make it load balancing/sharing based on each link bandwidth (cost metric).
6. Dual algorithm
7. Composite matric calculation (k5 value)
8. IP protocol number 88
9. Multicast 224.0.0.10
10. Auto-summarize by default, you have to add command "no auto-summary" on its configuration

Metric Value in EIGRP

1. By default its metric is Bw+delay
2. Delay = the amount of end to end (microseconds)*256
3. Bandwidth = [10^7/ minimum bandwidth, kbps]*256
4. Default formula K5 value [k1=1, k2=0, k3=1, k4=0, k5=0
5. Metric=[k1*BW+((k2*BW)/256-load))+k3*delay]
6. If k5 value not worth 0, then its metric value is =metric*[k5/(reliability+k4)]t

EIGRP Features

1. Only support MD5 authentication
2. Neighbour command can be used, if you want to make its update as unicast
3. Never ever use "passive-interface" on eigrp cause it will affect, the interface can't send/receive update
4. Route-filtering & Summarization is same as in RIP
5. By default its split-horizon is enable, use command "no ip split horizon eigrp xxx" to disable it

AD & FD (Administrator Distance & Feasible Distance)

1. The lowest metric value will be chose by EIGRP
2. AD = cost value between next-hop router and network destination
3. FD = cost values from local router to network destination = AD next-hop router+cost between local router and next-hop router
4. Lowest-cost = lowest FD
5. Successor = next-hop router with lowest cost value
6. Feassible Successor = Backup successor
7. the value of feasible successor is lower than its FD successor

Router Authentication

1. Support clear text authentication

• RIPv2
• OSPF
• IS-IS

1. Support MD5 Authentication

• RIPv2
• OSPF
• BGP 
• EIGRP

EIGRP MD5 Authentication

here are EIGRP MD5 configuration on cisco

• key-chain IDN
• key 1
• key-string cisco

int S0/0

• Ip authentication key-chain eigrp 100 IDN
• Ip authentication mode eigrp 100 md5

EIGRP Leak Map

Example, between network summary 10.0.0.0/8, there is one network 10.0.1.0/24 which you want to be treated specially, for instance is just like through the different path or treated differently from the other, then you can use Leak Map

• R1(config)#access-list 3 permit 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
• R1(config)#route-map Leak1 permit 10
• R1(config-route-map)#match ip address 3
• R1(config)#interface se0/0
• R1(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 leak-map Leak1

Advance EIGRP

1. By default, EIGRP have limit hop count 100, you can configure until 255 use command "metric maximum-hop 255"
2. Default AD to internal is 90, external 170. That value can be configured with these command "distance eigrp internal-AD-value external-AD-value"
3. Maximum default Routing protocol is just using 50% its bandwidth capacity. Meanwhile, this value can be configured with "ip bandwidth-percent eigrp AS"

 EIGRP Stub Routing

1. Stub means end, because the router is in the end eigrp, so it's not too necessary receiving routing update quite often, cause it's only have one gateway
2. With using stub, then network stbilization is more convincing
3. If it configure as only "eigrp stub", then the default is connected and summary
4. Connected means it will only shows route from the network which advertised by using network command and redistribute connected
5. The choice is :

• R1(config)#router eigrp 1
• R1(config-router)#eigrp stub [receive-only | static | summary | redistributed]

EIGRP Load Balancing

1. Each routing protocol whether it RIP, OSPF, EIGRP etc, definitely support equal cost path load balancing
2. However, IGRP & EIGRP supporting unequal cost path load balancing with these kind of configuration :

• router eigrp 1
• network x.x.x.x
• variance 2

EIGRP WAN Link

• EIGRP support WAN links below :

1. Point-to-point links
2. NBMA
3. Multipoint links

• EIGRP by default is using up to 50% bandwidth
• It can be configured with this configuration below:

1. R1(config-router)#int fa0/0
2. R1(config-subif)#ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 1 45

• If it is using bandwidth command. then EIGRP will use half of configured value

1. R1(config-router)#int fa0/0
2. R1(config-subif)#bandwidth 1024

EIGRP STUB Routing

• Receive-only : Router will not advertise its network to other router
• Connected : Router will only advertised its connected route, which come from network command
• Static : Router will advertise static route which have redistributed into EIGRP
• Summary : Router will advertised summary route
• Redistributed : Router will advertised any route which redistributed into EIGRP

Easiest Subnetting : Even 5 Years Old Can Do This

Hello, This is my first english article, Just give me a momment to translated it from google. Oke, i just want to review about ip subnet. As much as i know, subnetting is simple but almost engineer in entry level are strugling with that. So, let i tell you this tricky secret :

1. First, tell to your brain
    /24 is C Class
    /16 is B Class
    /8 is A Class

 2. Basicly, this subnetting methode is come from Ip address Class C which comes from multiple of 8
    /24 = 256 address per subnet, start from 0
    /25 = 128 half of 256
    /26 = 64
    /27 = 32 
    /28 = 16 half of 32
    /29 = 8
    /30 = 4
    /31 = 2 half of 4, and so on
    /32 = 1
   Just remember the underlined numbers 256,32,4.

3. Now start implementing this case
  
    CLASS C
    10.10.10.10.10/29
    The nearest number from /29 is /30 (which i told you to remember). So the Question is ?

    IP address persubnets = 8 (the nearest number you've remembered, divided or multipled it by 2)
    Network address = 10.10.10.8 (10.10.10.10 is included in range 8-15, the first is network)
                                    0-7

                                    8-15

                                    16-31

                                    and so on, untill 255

    Broadcast address = 10.10.10.15 (10.10.10.10 is included in range 8-15, the last is broadcast)

                                    0-7
                                    8-15
                                    16-31
                                    and so on, untill 255
    Host = 10.10.10.9 - 10.10.10.14
                Cause in range 8-15, the first is network and the last is broadcast.
                The number left will be host address, and could be use as your ip device.
    Subnet = 248 (256 - 8)
                   256 is amount of ip address in class c
                   8 is ip address per subnet.

    CLASS B
    30.30.30.30/23
    there is no nearest number. What should i do? easy man, i got it.
    How /23 could be as CLASS C ? just do this 23+8 = 31 which mean /31 = 2
    Where the 8 come from ? +8 is mandatory, the methode.
    So, what should i do with 2 ? ok this is the deal
    Ip address per subnets = 512
                                          2 x 256 (number of ip address in class c), got it?
    Network address = 30.30.30.0
    Broadcast address = 30.30.31.255
                                      Cause the ip address per subnet is 512
                                      You have to jump from 30.30.30.0 to 30.30.31.0
                                      Which mean all ip address in range 30.30.30.0 - 30.30.31.255 is included
    Host = 30.30.30.1 - 30.30.30.254
    Subnet = 255.255.255.254.0
                   254 is 256-2 Remember 2 ? Thats the clue, noted that.
   
    CLASS A
    50.50.50.50/14
    Make /14 as class. What should you do? 14+8= 22, thats not enough. 22+8 = 30. /30 = 4
    Ip address = 262144
                         4 x 65536
                         65536 is the amount of ip address in class B (256 x 256 ip addres ip class c)
    Network = 50.48.0.0
                      50 is on range 48-51
    Broadcast = 50.51.255.255
    Host = 50.48.0.1 - 50.51.255.255
    Subnet = 255.252.0.0
                   252 is from 256 - 4

So, with your hard work, you could do those thing even better. Good luck!